Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) – Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment in Kolkata
Introduction
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a heart condition where there is a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart. Although most VSDs are diagnosed and treated in infancy or childhood, some remain undetected and are only diagnosed in adulthood.
This condition can lead to complications if not properly managed. Fortunately, Kolkata offers several advanced heart care facilities and experienced cardiologists who specialize in treating adult congenital heart defects like VSD.
In this blog, we’ll discuss the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) in Kolkata.
Understanding the Heart and VSD
A Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is one of the most common congenital heart conditions, where there’s a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart. This hole allows oxygen-rich blood to mix with oxygen-poor blood, forcing the heart to work harder and potentially causing damage to the lungs and heart over time.
VSD can range from harmless to life-threatening. With early diagnosis and modern treatment options in Kolkata, most patients live full, healthy lives.
How a Normal Heart Works
The human heart has four chambers — two atria and two ventricles — separated by walls that prevent blood from mixing. Blood flows through this system in a one-way, oxygen-rich cycle.
What Happens in VSD?
In most cases, VSD is congenital — present at birth. But some adults can acquire it due to trauma or a heart attack that causes rupture in the septal wall.When there’s a hole between the ventricles, blood from the left (oxygen-rich) mixes with blood from the right (oxygen-poor), increasing pressure in the lungs and making the heart work harder.
Types of Ventricular Septal Defects
Perimembranous VSD
It is the most common type, located near the heart valves.
Muscular VSD
It occurs in the lower, muscular part of the ventricular wall.
Inlet VSD
Located near where blood enters the ventricles.
Outlet (Supracristal) VSD
Rare and typically found near the heart’s outflow valves.
Causes of VSD
Congenital Causes
VSD usually develops in the womb during the formation of the baby’s heart. It can happen by chance or due to genetic factors.VSD is a congenital heart defect, meaning a baby is born with a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the heart’s lower chambers (ventricles).
Acquired VSD
Adults can develop a VSD after a heart attack due to damage to the septal wall.
Symptoms of VSD
Symptoms of VSD in Adults
In adults, symptoms of VSD may vary depending on the size of the defect and how much it affects heart and lung function. Some adults with small VSDs may not experience any symptoms, while others may develop complications. Common symptoms include:
- Shortness of breath, especially during exertion
- Fatigue and weakness
- Heart murmur (unusual sound heard during a heartbeat)
- Swelling of legs, feet, or abdomen
- Frequent respiratory infections
- Palpitations or irregular heartbeats
- Cyanosis (bluish tint to lips or nails in severe cases)
Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing complications. If you experience any symptoms of heart problems, such as blue-tinged skin, poor feeding, or quick breathing, you should think about consulting a cardiologist in Kolkata. Since early diagnosis can result in more effective therapies and better outcomes, you should get medical help as soon as possible.
There are the leading hospitals in Kolkata which are equipped with state-of-the-art medical technology and some of the heart specialist doctors in our country. Interventional cardiologists in Kolkata are highly skilled at providing minimally invasive VSD treatments, ensuring faster recovery and better outcomes.
Risk Factors for Developing VSD
- Family history of heart defects
- Certain genetic syndromes (like Down syndrome)
- Poor prenatal nutrition or substance use during pregnancy
- Maternal diabetes or infections
Causes of VSD in Adults
Most adult cases of VSD are congenital, meaning the person was born with the defect. In some cases, VSD may develop after a heart attack due to damage to the heart muscle, though this is rare.
Other possible causes include:
- Incomplete closure of a childhood VSD
- Traumatic injury to the chest
- Surgical complications from previous heart procedures
Diagnosis of VSD in Kolkata
If VSD is suspected in an adult, a cardiologist will recommend several diagnostic tests to confirm the condition and evaluate its severity. In Kolkata, many reputed hospitals and cardiology clinics are equipped with modern diagnostic tools and advanced coronary imaging infrastructure, including:
- Echocardiogram (Echo) – A key test using sound waves to produce detailed images of the heart.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) – Records the electrical activity of the heart.
- Chest X-ray – Helps check for heart enlargement or fluid in the lungs.
- Cardiac MRI or CT Scan – Provides detailed 3D images of the heart structure.
- Cardiac Catheterization – Measures pressure in heart chambers and determines the size of the VSD.
Treatment Options for VSD in Adults
Treatment depends on the size and location of the VSD, as well as the patient’s symptoms and overall heart function. There are renowned cardiologists in Kolkata and leading hospitals offer several treatment options:
- Monitoring: For small VSDs with no significant symptoms, regular check-ups may be all that’s required.
- Medications: Medication can be used to regulate blood pressure, heart rate, and rhythm in some cardiac diseases.
- Surgical Repair: For moderate to large VSDs or if complications develop, open-heart surgery may be needed to close the defect using a patch or sutures.
- Device Closure (Minimally Invasive): Some VSDs can be closed using a catheter-based procedure through a vein in the groin—less invasive and with a shorter recovery time.
Why Choose Kolkata for VSD Treatment?
Kolkata has quickly become a leading destination for Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) treatment, especially for adults. The city boasts a network of highly skilled heart specialist doctors and interventional cardiologists who specialize in managing even the most complex heart defects. Equipped with world-class hospitals and advanced technology like 3D echocardiography and minimally invasive surgery options, Kolkata ensures high success rates with faster recovery. Plus, compared to other metro cities, the cost of treatment here is much more affordable without compromising on quality. With compassionate care, expert doctors, and cutting-edge facilities, Kolkata truly offers the best environment for successful VSD treatment.
These facilities offer world-class cardiology services, state-of-the-art infrastructure, and expert cardiologists trained in both adult and pediatric heart care.
Life after VSD Treatment
Recovery Period
Most patients stay in the hospital for 5–7 days post-surgery and recover fully within a month or two.
Living a Normal Life
Children and adults treated for VSD often lead completely normal lives with regular follow-ups.
Long-Term Follow-Up
Regular check-ups and monitoring are essential to monitor heart function and prevent complications.
Cost of VSD Treatment in Kolkata
The cost of Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) surgery or treatment in Kolkata can vary widely depending on the hospital, the complexity of the case, and the treatment method (surgical or catheter-based). On average, the cost ranges between ₹1,00,000 to ₹2,50,000.
Simple, catheter-based procedures usually cost less and involve quicker recovery, while open-heart surgeries can be more expensive due to longer hospital stays and post-operative care. Leading hospitals like Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Manipal Hospitals, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals and BM Birla Heart Research Centre offer advanced treatment options.
Many hospitals also accept insurance and provide financing options to make the treatment more accessible for patients. It’s always best to consult directly with your cardiologist to get a personalized estimate based on your specific case.
Conclusion
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) in adults is a manageable heart condition if diagnosed and treated on time. Whether you have been recently diagnosed or have had a known VSD since childhood, it’s important to consult a cardiologist for proper evaluation.
In Kolkata, you can access expert care, advanced diagnostic tools, and a wide range of treatment options tailored to your specific condition. Early intervention can help prevent complications and improve your quality of life.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- Can a ventricular septal defect go undetected until adulthood?
Yes, some small VSDs may go undetected in childhood and only be discovered in adulthood during a routine heart check-up or when symptoms develop. In other cases, the defect may reopen or worsen with age.
- Is VSD life-threatening in adults?
While many small VSDs are not life-threatening and may not require treatment, larger or untreated VSDs can lead to serious complications such as heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or arrhythmias. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are essential to avoid long-term damage.
- How is VSD treated in adults?
Treatment depends on the size of the defect and the symptoms. Small defects may only need monitoring, while larger ones might require surgery or minimally invasive device closure. Medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms or prevent complications.
- Can adults with VSD live a normal life?
Yes, with proper medical care and lifestyle adjustments, most adults with VSD—especially if treated—can lead a normal and active life. Regular follow-ups with a cardiologist are recommended.
- Is surgery the only option for VSD in adults?
No, not always. Small VSDs may not need any surgical intervention. In selected cases, catheter-based device closure (a minimally invasive procedure) may be used instead of open-heart surgery. Your cardiologist will suggest the best treatment based on your individual case.
- What are the risks if VSD is left untreated in adulthood?
If left untreated, moderate to large VSDs can lead to:
- Enlargement of the heart
- High blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension)
- Heart failure
- Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat)
- Endocarditis (infection of the heart lining)
- Where can I find the best VSD treatment in Kolkata?
Several hospitals in Kolkata provide high-quality cardiac care for adult VSD patients, including:
- RN Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences (R. N. Tagore, Mukundapur)
- Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals
- BM Birla Heart Research Centre
- MedicaSuperspecialty Hospital
Consulting a cardiologist with experience in adult congenital heart disease is highly recommended.
- How much does VSD surgery cost in Kolkata?
The cost of VSD surgery or device closure in Kolkata can vary depending on the hospital, the complexity of the case, and the procedure type. On average, the cost may range between ₹1.5 lakhs to ₹4 lakhs or more. It’s best to consult the hospital for detailed estimates and insurance coverage options.
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